Vaccines normally require years of testing and additional time to produce at scale, but scientists are hoping to develop a coronavirus vaccine within 12 to 18 months.
Vaccines mimic the virus – or part of the virus – they protect against, stimulating the immune system to develop antibodies. They must follow higher safety standards than other drugs because they are given to millions of healthy people.
Recent vaccine news
Preliminary results from a combined phase 1/2 trial show that the University of Oxford vaccine generates a strong immune response.2 weeks ago
In the pre-clinical stage of testing, researchers give the vaccine to animals to see if it triggers an immune response.
In phase 1 of clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it provokes.
In phase 2, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its safety and correct dosage.
In phase 3, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety – including rare side effects – and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which is given a placebo.
Vaccines in clinical trials
Phase in progress
Phase completed
University of Oxford/AstraZeneca
The University of Oxford vaccine is delivered via a chimpanzee virus, called the vaccine vector. The vector contains the genetic code of the protein spikes found on the coronavirus and triggers a strong immune response in the human body. The vaccine is in a combined phase 2/3 trial in the UK and has recently gone into phase 3 trials in South Africa and Brazil.
Moderna/NIAID
American biotech company Moderna is developing a vaccine candidate using messenger RNA (or mRNA for short) to trick the body into producing viral proteins itself. No mRNA vaccine has ever been approved for an infectious disease, and Moderna has never brought a product to market. But proponents of the vaccine say it could be easier to mass produce than traditional vaccines.
Sinovac
Chinese company Sinovac is developing a vaccine based on inactivated Covid-19 particles. The vaccine has shown a promising safety profile in the early stages of testing and is now moving into Phase 3 trials in Brazil.
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm
Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm
BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer
Bharat Biotech
Novavax
Cadila Healthcare Limited
CanSino Biologics Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of
Arcturus/Duke-NUS
Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc
Inovio Pharmaceuticals/ International Vaccine Institute
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Genexine Consortium
Osaka University/ AnGes/ Takara Bio
Vaxine Pty Ltd/Medytox
Medicago Inc.
University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus
Gamaleya Research Institute
Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax
Imperial College London
Curevac
People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech.
University of Melbourne/Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute in Australia is conducting a phase 3 trial using a nearly 100-year-old tuberculosis vaccine. The vaccine is not thought to protect directly against Covid-19 but might boost the body’s non-specific immune response.
Written by Fawad
Coronavirus vaccines by WHO
Reviewed by JAWAD AKHTER
on
August 05, 2020
Rating: 5
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Reviewed by JAWAD AKHTER
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August 05, 2020
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